世界考古的理论与实践——中英考古学家圆桌会议

Theory and Practice of World Archaeology:

A Roundtable Meeting between Chinese and British Archaeologists

关于“世界考古学”的性质与内涵，我们正面临一系列根本性的问题。20世纪中叶在欧洲和美国形成的一种传统研究范式，曾将世界历史理解为一条单一的发展轨迹，其核心建立在三次“革命”之上——新石器革命、城市革命与工业革命。在这一模型中，世界各地的人类社会虽起点各异，但最终趋于同质，逐步汇入一种全球化的文化形态。

然而，当前已有多方面理由促使我们对这一模式提出质疑。首先，在21世纪的现实语境下，将人类历史简单理解为线性“进步”的过程已愈发难以成立。其次，日益丰富的考古材料也不断挑战这一传统的线性叙事。越来越多的证据表明，世界不同区域更可能各自发展出独特的文化轨迹与社会组织形式。与此同时，不同地区之间确实存在着人群、物质与观念的流动；而在一些并无直接接触、或接触尚不明确的文化之间，也可能观察到某些结构性或观念上的相似性。

在当下书写世界考古学，意味着必须在相似性与差异性之间、地方性发展与远距离联系之间取得平衡。世界史前史与历史并不存在一种放之四海而皆准的统一框架，这也由此引出了若干关键问题：我们应当如何在不同区域之间开展比较与对照？进行比较的目标与意义何在？此外，还必须进一步思考，此类研究应当采用何种研究路径、方法体系与理论框架，才能在学术上保持合理性、严谨性与可检验性。

作为世界考古学研究的两大重镇，北京大学与牛津大学将汇聚双方的学术优势，围绕上述问题展开系统讨论。本次会议将于2025年12月在北京举行，随后于次年在英国举办后续工作坊，最终目标是形成一部学术论文集或若干正式发表的研究成果，集中呈现此次学术交流所获得的理论与方法论启发。同时，会议亦旨在推动双方在世界考古学若干核心议题上的联合研究计划，为未来的长期合作奠定基础。

There are major questions facing us all about the nature of world archaeology. An older model, which was developed in Europe and the US in the middle of the last century saw a single trajectory for world history. This was based around three revolutionary changes – the Neolithic Revolution, the Urban Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. In such a model various parts of the world started off being somewhat different, but ended up looking much the same, as elements of a globalized culture.

There are now a number of reasons why we doubt such a model. First of all, in the twenty-first century it is harder to see human history as making progress. Furthermore, there is increasingly more archaeological evidence that does not support the old linear narrative. It now seems more likely that different parts of the world create their own cultural trajectories and modes of social organization. At the same time, there were important movements of people, materials and ideas between areas, but also some possible similarities to be found in otherwise quite different cultures that may or may not have been in contact.

Writing world archaeology now requires balancing similarities and differences, local developments with long distance connections. There is no single scheme for world prehistory or history, posing important questions about how we carry out comparison and contrast between various parts of the world, as well as what we are hoping to achieve when we make comparisons. Furthermore, there is the question of how such research should be conducted, what methods and frameworks are suitable, sound, and stringent.

As two centres of world archaeology, Peking University and Oxford are combining expertise to consider these issues, starting with this conference In Beijing in December 2025, followed by another workshop in the UK In the following year, the ultimate aim of producing an edited volume or a set of paper publications reflecting the insights gained from this exchange. A further aim Is to start joint research projects on several aspects of World Archaeology discussed at the conference.

时间：12 月18-19日

Tine：18th-19th December 2025

地点：北京大学考古楼A101 报告厅

Room: Lecture Hall A101, Archaeology Building PKU

主办单位 Organizer：

北京大学考古文博学院（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University）

北京大学中国考古学研究中心（Research Center of Chinese Archaeology, Peking University）

牛津大学考古学院（School of Archaeology, University of Oxford）

时间：9:00-9:20

主持：崔剑锋，北京大学考古文博学院副院长，教授

致辞：沈睿文，北京大学考古文博学院院长，教授

合影

Time: 9:00-9:20

Chair: CUI Jianfeng, Professor, Vice Dean of the School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

Greeting Speech: SHEN Ruiwen,  Professor, Dean of the School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

Group Photo

主持：亚历克斯·格尔兹

Chair: Alex GEURDS

全球史前研究札记

Notes Towards a Global Prehistory

克里斯·戈斯登 牛津大学考古学院荣誉教授

Chris GOSDEN, Emeritus Professor, School of Archaeology，University of Oxford

历史工具包：整合“文明”图景的新路径

The History Kit: Putting “Civilization” Together in New Ways

约翰·罗布 剑桥大学考古系教授

John ROBB, Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge

主持：丁雨

Chair: DING Yu

Civilisation 与文明：概念史、当代用法及未来潜力

Civilisation and wenming 文明- Conceptual Histories, Current Usage, and Future Potential

安可·海因 牛津大学考古学院副教授

Anke HEIN, Associate Professor, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford

多元与一体——中国考古学研究的双螺旋结构与视角

Diversity and Unity: A Double-Helix Perspective on Chinese Archaeological Development

秦岭 北京大学考古文博学院副教授

QIN Ling, Associate Professor, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

专题研讨 Discussion

主持：约翰·罗布

Chair: John ROBB

考古学文化与族属：何为真正的身份标识

Archaeological Culture and Ethnicity: What Constitutes a True Identity Marker

李云河 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

LI Yunhe, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

全球考古记录中的偶然性与趋同性

Contingency and Convergence in the Global Archaeological Record

格雷格·拉森 牛津大学考古学院教授

Greger LARSON, Professor, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford

古DNA 与人类社会组织的重建

Ancient DNA and the Reconstruction of Social Organization in the Human Past

宁超 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

NING Chao, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

美洲考古的新解读：世界考古学的视角

Archaeologies of the Americas: A World Archaeology perspective

亚历克斯·格尔兹 牛津大学考古学院名誉研究员

Alex GEURDS, Honorary Research Associate, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford

专题研讨 Discussion

主持：陈建立

Chair: CHEN Jianli

人类-环境互动研究中的尺度问题

Scale in the Research on Human-Environment Interactions

李锋 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

LI Feng, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

“农业革命”的再审视：来自中世纪欧洲的视角

“Agricultural revolutions”: A view from medieval Europe

海莱娜·哈梅罗 牛津大学考古学院教授

Helena HAMEROW, Professor, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford

主持：安可·海因

Chair: Anke HEIN

从华南到岛屿东南亚:早期农业基础及其跨区域影响

From Southern China to Island Southeast Asia: Early Agricultural Foundations and Their Transregional Influence

邓振华 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

DENG Zhenhua, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

世界考古学的岛屿模型

Island models for world archaeology

迪兰·加夫尼 牛津大学考古学院副教授

Dylan GAFFNEY, Associate Professor, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford

专题研讨 Discussion

主持：宁超，迪兰·加夫尼

Chair: NING Chao, Dylan GAFFNEY

手工业的潜能:以宋元明陶瓷业为例

The Potential of Handicraft Industries: A Case Study of the Ceramic Industry in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties

丁雨 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

DING Yu, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

现代化学的起源：来自蓝色珐琅的科技考古证据

The Origins of Modern Chemistry: Archaeometric Insights from Purified Blue Enamels

姜晓晨阳 北京大学考古文博学院研究员

JIANG Xiaochenyang, Researcher, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

冶金考古和金属物料流通研究的方法

Methodological Approaches to Metallurgical Archaeology and Metal Material Circulation

陈建立 北京大学考古文博学院教授

CHEN Jianli, Professor, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University

专题研讨 Discussion

主持：李锋

学术总结：克里斯·戈斯登

Chair: LI Feng

Summary: Chris GOSDEN